Final answer:
The ability to make autonomous choices uncontrolled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces is defined as free will. This distinguishes free will from temperament and personality, both of which have biological underpinnings and are influenced by the environment. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to make choices that are not controlled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces is defined as free will. Free will means being capable of making choices for oneself, which is a key aspect of freedom within the context of the freedom versus determinism debate. Tempting as it might be to link this to one's temperament or personality, these attributes differ from free will.
According to Thomas and Chess (1977), temperament is often observable early in life and, though having a biological basis, can be shaped by environmental factors. It includes characteristic ways of behaving, such as being easy, difficult, or slow to warm up. Meanwhile, personality is a broader concept that includes temperamental traits but also encompasses behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that are influenced by environmental factors as well.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question, 'An ability to make choices that are not controlled by genetics, learning, or unconscious forces defines,' is a. free will.