Final answer:
The last-resort strategy for minimizing resistance to change when all others have failed is Coercion. It's a forceful approach that can lead to negative consequences and should be used cautiously after trying other methods like negotiation and participation. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The strategy for minimizing resistance to change that should be used when all other strategies have proved ineffective is A) Coercion. Coercion involves using force or threats to implement the change. This strategy is generally seen as a last resort because it can lead to further resistance, decrease morale, and harm the company culture.
However, when others such as Education and communication, Participation and involvement, and Negotiation do not work, and the change is critical, managers might turn to coercion.
While collective decision-making often shows a bias towards the status quo, as changes can be challenging to implement, understanding the necessity of change and participating in a peaceful and democratic process can help in minimizing resistance. The correct option is A.