Final answer:
False. Parallel learning structures are designed to operate alongside an organization's existing hierarchy, not within it, fostering efficiency and increasing productivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
An important feature of parallel learning structures is characterized by their capability to operate alongside an organization's existing hierarchy, but not typically within it.
Contrary to the statement that parallel structures operate within the existing organizational hierarchy, they are actually designed to complement traditional structures by fostering participation and efficiency through cross-functional teams and more cooperative, less hierarchical methods of problem-solving.
While hierarchies can ensure equal opportunities and serve large populations effectively, especially during the Industrial Revolution era, the information age has demonstrated that too much rigidity in these structures can hinder productivity and efficiency.
As a result, many organizations are flattening their structures, which means even entry-level employees might have the opportunity to provide feedback directly to a director, and collegial relationships with managers and coworkers are encouraged.