Final answer:
Voice and the right to appeal contribute to procedural justice, affecting organizational culture and leading to increased employee engagement and motivation by ensuring employees are treated fairly and their concerns are heard. option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
Voice and the right to appeal are two important practices that influence procedural justice. These practices ensure that employees feel their opinions and grievances are heard and addressed in a fair and transparent manner. The example provided, based on Greenberg's (1993) research, demonstrates that procedural justice impacts employee behavior, where a lack of fair processes leads to a higher instance of theft as a response to what is perceived as unfair treatment.
Organizational culture can be shaped significantly by ensuring procedural justice; it helps in creating an environment where employees feel respected and valued. An effective culture is characterized by just and fair treatment, which in turn fosters employee engagement and motivation. This is because employees are more likely to thrive in a work environment where their rights are recognized and safeguarded, influencing their commitment and performance positively.