Final answer:
It is false that drives are also called primary needs, fundamental needs, or innate needs. These terms refer to different aspects within the study of motivation. Maslow's hierarchy ranges from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, indicating a broader spectrum of human motives than drive theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of motivation, it is false that drives are also called primary needs, fundamental needs, or innate needs. Drives are psychological states that arise from physiological needs and are part of drive theory, which suggests that deviations from homeostasis create these needs. Drives push an individual to engage in behaviors necessary to achieve homeostasis, like eating to satisfy hunger. However, these terms are not used interchangeably within the scientific literature on motivation.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory which organizes human needs into a hierarchy. At the base are fundamental physiological needs, such as food and shelter. As these needs are met, individuals can focus on higher-level needs, ultimately culminating in self-actualization. Unlike drives, Maslow's theory incorporates both biological and social motives and spans a spectrum from survival to personal growth.
There are multiple theories of motivation that include instincts, drive reduction, self-efficacy, and social motives. For example, Carl mowing his neighbor's yard for $20 reflects extrinsic motivation, as the behavior is driven by external rewards. Self-efficacy relates to an individual's confidence in their abilities to complete tasks and is a significant motivator of behavior.