Final answer:
Hamilton's rule, which states that a behavior will be favored by natural selection if the cost to the donor is less than the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relationship.
Step-by-step explanation:
The equation C < B x r describes Hamilton's rule, which is a concept in biology.
Hamilton's rule states that a behavior will be favored by natural selection if the cost to the donor (C) is less than the benefit to the recipient (B) multiplied by the coefficient of relationship (r). In other words, an individual is more likely to engage in a behavior that helps relatives if the benefits to those relatives outweigh the costs to themselves, taking into account their genetic relatedness.