Final answer:
Chest pain + torsades with a family history of sudden cardiac death should prompt consideration of Long QT syndrome (LQTS).
Step-by-step explanation:
The combination of chest pain, torsades de pointes (a specific form of ventricular tachycardia), and a family history of sudden cardiac death raises concerns about Long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS is a cardiac ion channelopathy characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram (ECG), leading to an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes.
The syndrome can be congenital, with a genetic basis, or acquired, often due to medications or electrolyte imbalances.
Genetic mutations affecting ion channels in the heart, particularly potassium and sodium channels, can predispose individuals to Long QT syndrome. The prolonged QT interval observed on the ECG reflects delayed repolarization of the ventricles, creating a vulnerable period during which arrhythmias can occur. The family history of sudden cardiac death indicates a potential hereditary component, reinforcing the suspicion of an underlying genetic cause.
Recognition of Long QT syndrome is critical as it guides appropriate management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, avoidance of QT-prolonging medications, and, in some cases, the use of beta-blockers or other antiarrhythmic medications. Additionally, genetic testing may be considered to identify specific mutations and assess the risk in family members. Timely diagnosis and intervention are essential in preventing life-threatening arrhythmias and improving outcomes for individuals with Long QT syndrome.