Final answer:
Pericardial effusion can lead to cardiac tamponade and requires immediate medical attention. Common causes include trauma, pericarditis, and complications from surgery. Treatment involves drainage of fluid to relieve pressure on the heart.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade
Pericardial effusion, the accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity, can lead to a serious condition known as cardiac tamponade. This condition arises when the pressure from the fluid prevents the heart from functioning properly, as it cannot fully relax and refill with blood between contractions. Common causes of cardiac tamponade include trauma, myocardial rupture, pericarditis, cancer, and complications from cardiac surgery. In cases where pericarditis is identified, it is important to determine the cause, which could range from bacterial infection to viral, fungal, or parasitic agents. Diagnosis of pericardial effusion may involve a chest radiograph, echocardiogram, or other imaging to confirm fluid accumulation.
Immediate medical attention is essential when cardiac tamponade is suspected. The next steps typically involve the insertion of drainage tubes to remove the excess fluid from the pericardial cavity and continuous medical monitoring. Without prompt treatment, the reduced cardiac output can progress, leading to severe consequences, including death.