Final answer:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and mitral regurgitation (MR) are heart conditions that can occur after a heart attack. VSD is a hole in the septum between the ventricles, and MR is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and mitral regurgitation (MR) are both heart conditions that can occur after a myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack.
A VSD is a hole in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart. This hole allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix, which can lead to inefficient pumping of blood and strain on the heart.
On the other hand, MR is a condition where the mitral valve, which controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle, does not close properly. This causes blood to leak back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, reducing the amount of blood pumped out of the heart.