Final answer:
Conditions that prevent treatment are referred to as contraindications. Drug craving is associated with psychological dependence, which involves a perceived need for the drug for well-being, without physical withdrawal symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conditions that prevent treatment are referred to as d. contraindications. A contraindication is a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person. For example, certain medications might be contraindicated for patients with allergies to specific drug components, or for pregnant women due to potential harm to the fetus.
Referring to drug craving, the correct answer is a. psychological dependence. Psychological dependence is characterized by a perceived need for a drug to maintain a sense of well-being and can occur without the occurrence of physical withdrawal symptoms. It is distinct from physical dependence, which involves physiological withdrawal symptoms when the drug use is discontinued.