Final answer:
The power to establish local government is not a concurrent power; it is reserved for the states. Concurrent powers include levying taxes, borrowing money, and making and enforcing laws. The correct answer is option: d) establish local government.
Step-by-step explanation:
All of the following are concurrent powers EXCEPT the power to: d. establish local government.
Concurrent powers are those held and exercised by both state and national governments in a federal system. Examples of concurrent powers include the power to levy and collect taxes, to borrow money, and to make and enforce laws.
However, the establishment of local governments is typically a power reserved to the states. This demarcation helps maintain the balance of power between state and national interests, which is a fundamental component of federalism in the United States.
While both the national government and the states share some powers, such as collecting taxes and defining crimes and punishments, certain powers are exclusive to each level.
For instance, conducting foreign relations, raising armies, declaring war, and regulating interstate commerce are powers given solely to the national government. Similarly, powers to conduct elections and maintain state militia are reserved for the states.