Final answer:
The least true statement about encoding is that it involves a single set of neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex; in reality, encoding is a complex process involving various brain regions and neurotransmitter systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which statement about encoding is least true. Processing and retaining information through encoding involve multiple complex brain regions and neurotransmitters, not just a single set. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system, and it is indeed an information processing system. It is used to decode, store, and retrieve information, which are all part of the memory process.
Statement A is the least true because encoding does not involve a single set of neurotransmitters located only in the prefrontal cortex. While the prefrontal cortex plays a role in encoding, particularly in tasks that require more complex cognitive processes such as semantic tasks, encoding is a process that relies on various brain regions and neurotransmitter systems, not just a single set in one location. The cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala are also significant in memory encoding and storage. Additionally, encoding is not a static or singular event but a dynamic process that can involve different levels of processing, including visual, acoustic, and semantic encoding, as demonstrated by Craik and Tulving's experiments.