Final answer:
In a federal system, powers held by both the federal and state governments are called concurrent powers. These include setting up courts, building infrastructure, and taxing. They allow both levels of government to operate independently, ensuring a balance of power.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a federal system, powers held by both the federal and state governments are called concurrent powers. These are the powers not exclusively delegated to the federal government nor denied to the states. Examples of concurrent powers include the ability to levy taxes, build roads, and establish bankruptcy laws. Both layers of government, state and federal, can exercise these powers independently of each other.
The powers specifically listed in the Constitution for the federal government are known as enumerated powers. Implied powers, on the other hand, are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are derived from the enumerated powers using the Necessary and Proper Clause. The Tenth Amendment details that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, referred to as reserved powers.
The presence of concurrent powers within the federal system ensures a level of governmental efficiency and responsiveness as both state and federal governments have the jurisdiction to respond to the needs of the citizens. This structure of governance helps maintain a balance between the powers of the national government and the states.