Final answer:
The input of words and their meaning is referred to as semantic encoding, which facilitates better memory retention by involving deeper cognitive processing. The correct option is option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The input of words and their meaning is known as semantic encoding. This process involves a deeper level of processing and is concerned with the meaning of information, rather than just the visual or acoustic aspects. Research has shown that semantic encoding leads to better memory retention compared to other encoding types.
One such study by Craik and Tulving emphasized that verbal information is best processed through semantic encoding because it involves deeper cognitive processing, particularly when the self-reference effect is utilized, making the information more personal and relevant to the individual.