Final answer:
HIV infects and destroys CD4+ helper T cells in the immune system, leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. While there is no cure for HIV, antiretroviral drugs can control the virus and prolong life. The greatest impact of HIV/AIDS is seen in sub-Saharan Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impact of HIV on the Immune System
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) targets and infects key components of the immune system, particularly CD4+ helper T cells, which are vital for the proper functioning of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. As HIV destroys these cells, the immune system's ability to fight off infections is severely compromised, leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Over time, a person with HIV may experience a gradual decline in the number of CD4+ T cells, resulting in severe impairment of immune responses and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
There is no cure for HIV; however, antiretroviral drugs can control the progression of the virus. These drugs target viral proteins essential for HIV replication that are absent in human cells, thereby protecting the immune system from further damage and prolonging the life of individuals with HIV. Despite advances in treatment, HIV remains a significant global health issue, with the highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa.