Question

Compared to H. erectus, the cranium of the earliest pre-modern H. sapiens exhibit what?

A. Larger brain size
B. Smaller brain size
C. No significant difference in brain size
D. More prominent brow ridges

Answer 1

Compared to Homo erectus, the earliest pre-modern Homo sapiens' cranium exhibited a larger brain size, generally in the range of 1,200 to 1,400 cubic centimeters. This increase is part of the broader trend of encephalization observed in human evolution, correlating with increased cognitive capabilities and cultural complexities.

Step-by-step explanation:

Compared to Homo erectus, the cranium of the earliest pre-modern Homo sapiens exhibited a larger brain size. Homo erectus is known to have a brain size that evolved from about 550 cc to 1,250 cc. In contrast, archaic Homo sapiens, which evolved from H. erectus, have brain sizes averaging between 1,200 to 1,400 cubic centimeters, which is similar to that of modern humans. This group of archaic Homo sapiens included Homo heidelbergensis, Homo rhodesiensis, and Homo neanderthalensis.

While Neanderthals, a species within the archaic Homo sapiens group, are known to have even larger brains than modern humans, brain size is not the sole determinant of cognitive abilities. The earliest pre-modern Homo sapiens are distinguished from Homo erectus by their thicker skulls, prominent brow ridge, and lack of a prominent chin, but not necessarily by an increased brain size.

It is important to note that while there is a correlation between brain size and complex cognitive skills, the organization of the brain is also a significant factor. For example, Neanderthals had larger brain sizes than modern humans but are believed to have had different brain structures, with less emphasis on the frontal region and more on the sensory regions.

This adaptation might have been crucial for their survival. Furthermore, human evolution showcases an increase in brain size known as encephalization, which is associated with advances in behavioral and cognitive complexity, contributing to the development of culture and technology that have been instrumental in human survival.

In summary, the correct option for the earliest pre-modern Homo sapiens' cranium compared to Homo erectus is A. Larger brain size.