Final answer:
The C. Mousterian tool industry, associated with Neanderthals and characterized by smaller, flake-made hand-axes and tools, is the stone tool technology that spread across a vast region including Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the stone tool technology most often associated with the Neanderthals that extended across Europe and North Africa, into the former Soviet Union, Israel, Iran, central Asia, and possibly China is the Mousterian tool industry. This technology is known for smaller hand-axes and tools made from stone flakes, which represented a significant advance over previous tool-making techniques. The Mousterian tools often came from the flakes chipped off cores, and were used as knives, scrapers, and spearheads.
The Mousterian industry, also considered part of the Middle Paleolithic tool industry, is characterized by the increased utility of the tools created from these stone flakes. The technology and techniques developed by Neanderthals for making these tools were more sophisticated than that of the Acheulean tools, which were used by their hominin predecessors including Homo erectus.
Acheulean tools were known for their teardrop-shaped hand-axes and remained dominant until about 250,000 years ago, when Mousterian tools emerged.