Final answer:
The condition caused by leakage from retinal blood vessels that can lead to vision impairment is called diabetic retinopathy, a serious consequence of uncontrolled diabetes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The leakage from the blood vessels of the retina into the body of the eye that can lead to permanently impaired vision is called diabetic retinopathy. This condition is a complication of diabetes and is caused by damage to the tiny blood vessels within the retina due to long-standing high blood glucose levels. Diabetic retinopathy can result in gradual vision loss and potentially blindness if untreated. Other conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) also affect vision, but their causes and the patterns of vision impairment they produce differ from diabetic retinopathy.