Final answer:
Macular degeneration, specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is the condition where the central vision receptors deteriorate, leading to serious vision impairment and potential blindness due to the death of macula cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The deterioration of the receptors for central vision that can lead to serious visual impairment and blindness is known as macular degeneration. Specifically, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the common cause of blindness that occurs because cells of the macula die. The macula is an area on the retina that is crucial for high visual acuity. When the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium, which provide nutrients to the macula, die, the macula itself begins to degenerate, resulting in the patient experiencing a worsening 'black spot' in the center of their vision.