Final answer:
The adverse effects of opioid analgesics include constipation, convulsions, and excessive tearing. Opioids cause a constriction of the pupils rather than mydriasis and can lead to urinary retention instead of polyuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adverse effects of opioid analgesics include a variety of symptoms that can range from discomfort to serious health complications. Among the listed options, the correct adverse effects associated with the use of opioids include:
- Constipation
- Convulsions
- Excessive tearing
Opioids can slow down the movement of the digestive system leading to constipation. Contrary to mydriasis, opioids often cause miosis, which is the constriction of the pupils. Similarly, rather than causing polyuria (increased urination), they may lead to urinary retention. Excessive tearing can also occur as part of the withdrawal symptoms from opioids. Understanding these side effects is crucial for managing the safe use of opioid analgesics and for recognizing signs of potential misuse or addiction.