Final answer:
Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions, increasing urination to treat conditions like fluid retention and hypertension.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is Biology, specifically related to the function of diuretics in the human body.
Loop diuretics, such as the one prescribed to Amy, target the reabsorption of sodium (Na*) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. By inhibiting the reabsorption of these ions, diuretics increase their excretion in urine, which leads to increased urination.
This effect helps in reducing fluid retention and managing conditions like hypertension.