Final answer:
The removal of a long-term cast can result in muscle atrophy and changes to the skin, such as dead skin accumulation and altered skin flora. Rehabilitation through physical therapy and proper skin care are needed for full recovery.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a cast that has been present for a long period of time is removed, there may be a significant amount of atrophy in the muscles and physiological changes in the skin. The immobilization caused by the cast can lead to reduced muscle mass and strength because the affected limb has not been used normally. Additionally, skin changes may include a buildup of dead skin cells and a change in skin flora, which is the collection of microorganisms that normally inhabit the skin surface.
It is important to gradually reintroduce movement and exercise to the affected limb to strengthen the muscles and improve circulation. Physical therapy can be beneficial to assist with the rehabilitation process. Moreover, good hygiene and careful skin care are recommended to help the skin recover and to avoid potential infections that could arise from the altered skin flora.