Final answer:
The missing component in water-based fire protection systems alongside automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems is the fire pump, which ensures adequate water pressure and flow for the sprinklers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Automatic sprinkler systems, standpipe systems, and fire pumps are the three primary components of water-based fire protection systems. A fire pump is an integral part of a fire sprinkler system's water supply and is powered by electric, diesel or steam.
It provides higher pressure to water so that the water can travel further in buildings, especially in high-rise or large area structures where there is a need for water to be distributed over larger distances at an effective pressure.
When fire is detected, the fire pump ensures adequate water flow at a high enough pressure to reach the fire sprinkler heads. This allows for effective coverage and extinguishment of the fire, assisting in minimizing damage to property and potentially saving lives.