Question

Why is a release of endotoxin into the bloodstream potentially deadly?

A.It results in dehydration of the patient.
B.It causes necrosis of the liver.
C.Endotoxin can quickly enter the brain from the bloodstream, causing brain damage.
D.It can lower blood pressure and cause the patient to go into shock.

Answer 1

Endotoxin release into the bloodstream causes septic shock, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response that leads to fluid loss, severe blood pressure drop, multiple organ failure, and potentially death.

Step-by-step explanation:

The reason a release of endotoxin into the bloodstream is potentially deadly is that it can trigger an overwhelming immune response leading to septic shock. When endotoxins, particularly the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, are released, they incite a systemic inflammatory response. This response includes the release of substances like tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) which increases vascular permeability causing fluid loss, edema, and a severe drop in blood pressure. This can lead to multiple organ failure and potentially death due to crucial organs not getting the blood flow they require.