Final answer:
Gonorrhea is the sexually transmitted infection that is commonly associated with dysuria and white discharge.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sexually transmitted infection associated with dysuria (painful urination) and white discharge is likely gonorrhea. Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can cause infections of the reproductive and urinary tracts, presenting symptoms such as urethritis, penile or vaginal discharge, and for men possibly epididymitis. Chlamydia, another STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, could also present similar symptoms but is more often associated with being asymptomatic or having a nongonococcal urethritis. Other STIs, such as syphilis, chancroid, genital warts, and genital herpes, have distinct signs or symptoms that do not primarily include dysuria and white discharge.