Question

6mo old is brought in for multiple symmetric contraction episodes of neck, trunk and extremities that occur in spells. dx? common EEG findings? tx (2)?

Answer 1

Infantile spasms are a type of seizure disorder that typically occur in children under the age of 1. EEG findings often show a pattern called hypsarrhythmia. Treatment options include ACTH and vigabatrin.

Step-by-step explanation:

The multiple symmetric contraction episodes of the neck, trunk, and extremities described in the question are consistent with a condition called infantile spasms. Infantile spasms are a type of seizure disorder that typically occur in children under the age of 1.

EEG findings in infants with infantile spasms often show a pattern called hypsarrhythmia, which is characterized by chaotic and disorganized brain waves. This pattern is highly suggestive of the diagnosis.

The two main treatment options for infantile spasms are:

1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): This hormone is injected into the baby's muscles or skin and has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures.
2. Vigabatrin: This medication is an antiepileptic drug that can also be used to treat infantile spasms.