Final answer:
Ball-and-socket joints like the hip and shoulder allow for rolling/gliding and rotation, but true rotation is uncommon due to the joint structure. These joints offer a wide range of other movements, such as flexion and extension, with hip joint stability and shoulder mobility determined by the depth of the socket and ligament support.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ball-and-socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder joints, can perform a variety of movements, including rolling/gliding and rotation. However, it's worth noting that true rotation rarely happens in these joints. These multiaxial joints allow the adjoining bones to move in multiple directions due to the rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone.
Gliding movements typically involve relatively flat bone surfaces sliding past each other, with little rotation. This is different from the ball-and-socket joint movement, which is more dynamic due to the structure and flexibility of the joint.
The hip joint, with the ball of the femur articulating within the deep socket of the acetabulum, offers stability and weight-bearing support, while restricting excessive motion. The shoulder joint's glenoid cavity provides a shallower socket, allowing for an extensive range of motion thanks to lesser ligament support. Movements possible in ball-and-socket joints include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and limited rotation due to joint structure and support such as ligaments and muscles.