Final answer:
Antimicrobial drugs like fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are commonly used to treat UTIs and pyelonephritis. VCUG is performed in individuals with a history of UTIs, particularly children, to assess the urinary tract structure and function. Tc-labeled DMSA scan is an imaging test used to evaluate kidney function and identify abnormalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
UTIs and pyelonephritis are typically treated with antimicrobial drugs, such as fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, or a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Pain medications can also be prescribed for relief of symptoms like dysuria. In elderly patients or those at high risk for complications, treatment might be more challenging and may require intravenous antibiotics. VCUG, or voiding cystourethrogram, is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the structure and function of the urinary tract. It is typically done for individuals who have a history of UTIs, especially children. Tc-labeled DMSA scan is another imaging test used to assess kidney function and identify any abnormalities. It is often used to evaluate acute pyelonephritis or recurrent UTIs.