Final answer:
The symptoms described in the question suggest a possible diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the 2-year-old baby. Diagnostic tests for anemia include a complete blood count (CBC) and iron studies. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and may include dietary changes and iron supplementation. A buzzword on the blood smear associated with iron-deficiency anemia is microcytic hypochromic red blood cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symptoms described in the question, including hyperactivity, impaired growth, abdominal pain, and constipation, suggest a possible diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the 2-year-old baby. Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, leading to a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia among children and can result from inadequate iron intake, poor absorption, or increased iron requirements.
In order to confirm the diagnosis, a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC) can be performed. This test measures the levels of different types of blood cells, including red blood cells, and can identify anemia. Other blood tests, such as iron studies, can also be done to assess iron levels in the body.
Treatment for iron-deficiency anemia involves addressing the underlying cause, such as increasing dietary iron intake or using iron supplements. Iron-rich foods include lean red meats, dark leafy greens, and fortified cereals. In severe cases or when dietary changes are not sufficient, iron supplements may be prescribed by a healthcare provider. Additionally, a screening for iron deficiency and anemia may be recommended for all children at certain ages or risk factors, such as during routine well-child visits.
A buzzword on the blood smear associated with iron-deficiency anemia is microcytic hypochromic red blood cells. This refers to red blood cells that are smaller in size (microcytic) and paler in color (hypochromic) due to the reduced hemoglobin content.