Final answer:
Two types of heart murmurs that are never normal are those due to a prolapsed valve and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These conditions disrupt normal blood flow and can be detected by auscultation. Subsequent diagnostic imaging, such as an echocardiogram, is typically required to determine the exact cause and severity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term heart murmur refers to an unusual sound coming from the heart, indicating a turbulent flow of blood. Two types of heart murmurs that are never normal are those associated with a prolapsed valve and murmur due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A heart murmur resulting from valve prolapse indicates regurgitation, wherein the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a pathological enlargement of the heart muscle, can also cause murmurs due to altered blood flow dynamics within the heart.
When such murmurs are detected during auscultation—usually with a stethoscope—the next step typically involves further diagnostic procedures. These can include an echocardiogram, which uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function, or possibly other cardiac imaging techniques or tests to assess the severity and cause of the abnormal heart sounds.