Final answer:
The proteinuria and increased creatinine along with recurrent UTIs in a sickle cell disease patient may be caused by renal or post-renal proteinuria, as well as metabolic disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The proteinuria and increased creatinine along with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in an African American or Mediterranean kid with sickle cell disease could be caused by several factors:
- Renal proteinuria: It occurs due to diseases of the kidney like nephritis, nephritic syndrome, and hyaline degeneration of the kidney. These can lead to a leakage of protein into the urine.
- Post-renal proteinuria: In this case, the protein is added somewhere in the urinary tract. It can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, or obstructions in the urinary tract.
- Metabolic disorders: Some metabolic disorders, such as cystinuria or cystinosis, can cause an excess excretion of certain amino acids, including cystine, leading to proteinuria.