Final answer:
Kidney stones are formed by minerals crystallizing in the urine, leading to potential obstruction of the urinary tract. There are different types of stones, each associated with various dietary and genetic factors. Preventive measures and specific medications can help manage the risk and treat the condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kidney Stones Overview
Kidney stones are mineral crystals that form in the urine within the kidney. These stones vary in size and can cause severe pain or bleeding if they block a ureter. Major types of renal calculi include:
Risk factors for kidney stone development include high consumption of cola soft drinks, diets high in animal protein, excess weight, and insufficient fluid intake. Preventive measures involve reducing cola and animal protein consumption, losing weight, and increasing hydration. Treatments may include pharmaceuticals like thiazides, potassium citrate, and allopurinol.
The symptoms of kidney stones can range from severe abdominal and groin pain to hematuria, indicating potential harm to the urinary tract's lining.