Final answer:
The Supreme Court is composed of nine justices, including one chief justice, all serving lifetime appointments. Its current structure dates back to 1869 and represents the top tier of the U.S. judiciary, significantly influencing constitutional interpretation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) consists of nine justices, including one chief justice and eight associate justices who all serve lifetime terms. Established by Article III of the Constitution, the current structure with nine justices has been in place since 1869. The role of the Supreme Court includes serving as the national court of last resort, setting legal precedents, and binding decisions that affect the nation. The Court's composition has held steady despite historical discussions of expansion, most notably during Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency and the 2020 presidential election debates. The justices, appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate, represent the top tier of a vast judicial branch that affects constitutional interpretation.
Currently, the Court's justices are ideologically divided, with six conservatives—including Chief Justice John Roberts—and three liberals. This balance can influence the court’s rulings on a wide array of legal issues. The Supreme Court operates within a unique framework of case selection and procedural rules, further distinguishing its role in the American legal system.