Final answer:
Edwin Lemert's theory focuses on the process that occurs after an individual has been caught and designated as violating the law, including primary and secondary deviance. The correct option is A
Step-by-step explanation:
The theorist whose theory focused on the process that occurs after an individual has been caught and designated as violating the law is Edwin Lemert (option a).
Lemert expanded on the concepts of labeling theory and identified two types of deviance that affect entity formation. Primary deviance is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others.
Secondary deviance, on the other hand, occurs when an individual internalizes the deviant label and it becomes their master status.
For instance, a convicted sexual offender may be labeled deviant by society and accept a new master status, which can contribute to a cycle of repeated deviant behavior. The correct option is A