Final answer:
The types of care for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are Hemodialysis, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis, with the correct answer being all of these treatments are used.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of care given to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients include A) Hemodialysis (HD), B) Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and C) Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). The correct answer is D) All of these. Hemodialysis is a medical procedure where the patient's blood is filtered through a dialysis machine, removing waste products like urea and excess water. The blood is passed through tubing in contact with a dialysate in a semipermeable membrane, allowing the osmotic pressure to move waste from the blood into the dialysate, while large molecules like red and white blood cells are retained.
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) are forms of peritoneal dialysis where waste products are removed by diffusion and ultrafiltration inside the body using the peritoneum as a filter. CAPD is carried out manually multiple times a day, while CCPD utilizes a machine that cycles the dialysate fluid in and out of the abdomen, typically at night.
Patients on ESRD require dialysis multiple times a week as the body continuously accumulates waste materials in the bloodstream. For some, this is a temporary measure until kidney transplant is possible, while for others, especially who are not candidates for transplants, dialysis becomes a lifelong necessity.