Final answer:
Manifestations of fluorosis include dental changes, skeletal issues like joint stiffness and bone thickening, fatigue, slowed growth, and various other systemic health problems such as digestive issues and mental deficits. High levels of fluoride in drinking water can result in these health concerns, underlining the importance of monitoring and regulating fluoride consumption.
Step-by-step explanation:
Manifestations of fluorosis are varied, impacting dental and skeletal health and potentially affecting overall well-being. In areas with high levels of naturally occurring fluoride in groundwater, which is used for drinking, there is a risk of both dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Dental fluorosis can result in changes to the appearance of tooth enamel, while skeletal fluorosis involves changes to bone structure, potentially leading to stiffness and thickening of the joints and bones.
High fluoride levels in drinking water can also cause a range of other health issues. The excessive intake of fluoride can lead to conditions like fatigue, slowed growth, and digestive problems. Potential symptoms also include light sensitivity and epithelial problems such as cracks in the corners of the mouth, indicating a systemic impact beyond dental and skeletal health.
Furthermore, excess fluoride can correlate with poor growth, gingivitis, appetite loss, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal problems, and even mental deficits. Awareness and management of fluoride levels in drinking water are crucial for preventing these health issues, and regulatory standards, such as those set by the US Environmental Protection Agency, exist to help protect public health