Final answer:
Osteogenesis, or ossification, is the process of bone formation carried out by osteoblasts, involving intramembranous and endochondral mechanisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Osteogenesis, also known as ossification, is the process of bone formation by osteoblasts. This process is vital for the development, growth, and repair of bones. Osteoblasts are specialized cells that create new bone by synthesizing and secreting the components of the bone matrix, which eventually mineralizes to become bone tissue. The ossification process can occur through two primary methods: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves the development of bone from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue, while endochondral ossification involves bone formation from hyaline cartilage, a precursor found in the developing fetus that allows for the subsequent elongation of long bones. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption and play a role in bone remodeling, a process that involves both resorption and deposition of bone, ensuring its renewal and structural integrity. Thus, the correct answer to the student's question is (d) bone formation.