Final answer:
Inflammation in pericarditis occurs in the pericardial sac, also known as the pericardium, which surrounds the heart and consists of fibrous and parietal layers. It can be caused by various pathogens, with symptoms including chest pain and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications like cardiac tamponade.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a patient who has pericarditis, the inflammation occurs of the sac surrounding the heart. The sac in question is known as the pericardial sac or pericardium, which is a membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures. It is made up of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is a tough, dense connective tissue that not only protects the heart but also maintains its position within the thorax. The inner serous pericardium, which includes the parietal pericardium, also plays a role by providing lubrication to reduce friction between heart movements.
Pericarditis can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, including Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., as well as viruses, fungi, and parasites. Symptoms often include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and a dry cough. Most cases of pericarditis are self-limiting and may not require clinical intervention, but diagnosis and treatment are important to manage symptoms and prevent complications like cardiac tamponade, which can be life-threatening if not addressed.