Final answer:
The combining form 'scler/o' in the word arteriosclerosis means hardening, which refers to the 'hardening of the arteries' in a medical context. In relation to the eye, the sclera is the white outer layer of connective tissue, forming part of the fibrous tunic, and providing protection and shape to the eyeball.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the medical term arteriosclerosis, the combining form scler/o means hardening. This term specifically refers to the hardening of the arteries, a process that affects the elasticity and function of the cardiovascular system. However, when looking at the sclera of the eye, it is referring to the white outer layer of the eye that is primarily composed of connective tissue. This fibrous tunic helps protect the eye and provides attachment points for the eye muscles.
The sclera forms the outermost layer of the eye, and it's notable that humans have a significant portion of the 'white of the eye' visible, which is unique compared to many other species. The sclera, together with the clear cornea, define the fibrous tunic of the eyeball. This part of the eye is essential for providing shape and protecting the inner components, while the cornea allows light to enter the eye and contribute to vision. In the context of arteriosclerosis, however, scler/o is indicative of a pathological hardening, often due to age, genetics, or other risk factors.