Final answer:
Genetic engineering is the branch of biotechnology that modifies the genetic makeup of organisms to create GMOs with desirable traits, such as pest resistance in crops, and has potential applications in medicine for gene therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic engineering refers to the use of biotechnology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes. This manipulation of an organism's DNA uses recombinant DNA technology to introduce desirable traits. For instance, genetic engineering allows for the creation of crops that are resistant to pests or yield more food, and can also lead to the development of new medical treatments.
The process involves creating recombinant DNA by manipulating a DNA sequence in vitro, leading to the formation of new combinations of genetic material. This recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism, resulting in a genetically modified organism (GMO). If the introduced DNA originates from a different species, the result is a transgenic organism. Practices in genetic engineering have been instrumental in producing herbicide-resistant soybeans, borer-resistant corn, and numerous other genetically modified foods.
With advancements in genetics and molecular biology, scientists can now craft crops that are not only more robust but also more beneficial for agricultural efficiency. Genetic engineering's applications are not limited to agriculture; it also holds potential for curing genetic disorders through gene therapy.