Final answer:
The substances must be in the proper orientation for a reaction to occur during a collision.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is option b. the substances are in the proper orientation.
In order for two substances to react during a collision, they must be in the proper orientation. This means that the atoms or molecules involved in the reaction must collide in a way that allows their bonding sites to come into contact with each other. If the orientation is not correct, the reaction will not occur.
While the presence of a catalyst or the exothermic nature of the reaction can influence the speed or direction of a reaction, they are not necessary for a reaction to occur. Similarly, the activation energy of the reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy required to initiate the reaction, but it does not determine whether a reaction will happen or not.