Final answer:
Roman attitudes towards Judaism were varied, encompassing periods of tolerance and conflict. The Romans respected some Jewish practices, but tensions arose over religious differences, leading to uprisings and significant historical impacts like the destruction of the Second Temple.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rome's Policy Towards Judaism During the Imperial Period
Roman policy towards Judaism varied over time and was influenced by different emperors' attitudes and political events. While there were moments of tolerance where Jews were allowed to practice their religion, including maintaining synagogues and observing the Sabbath, periods of intense conflict also arose. For example, during the Jewish uprisings, Romans clamped down on Jewish practices and insurrections, leading to events like the desecration of the Second Temple and the Jewish diaspora after 70 CE. The disparity between Roman polytheism and Jewish monotheism often created tension, particularly because Jews refused to participate in rituals acknowledging the divinity of Roman emperors, conflicting with central aspects of Roman state religion and civic life.
Josephus's phrase describing the pattern of recurring similar events is not provided in the reference material given. Without additional information, we are unable to accurately cite Josephus's specific phrasing on history's patterns.
Pompey's occupation of Jerusalem even after apparent agreement for a peaceful surrender may have been driven by several reasons, including a desire to solidify Roman control, distrust in the agreement's durability, or an intention to display Roman power and influence.
The failure of the Jews to destroy the Roman siege ban during invasions was likely due to the significant military disadvantages they faced against the well-organized and equipped Roman legions, which were able to build and maintain such structures effectively during sieges.