Climates are located in various hemispheres based on factors like elevation, latitude, and sunlight exposure. Equatorial climates are near the equator in both hemispheres; arid climates occur in subtropical latitudes; moderate climates in mid-latitudes; cold climates in higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, while polar climates are at both poles. Highland climates are determined by elevation in mountainous regions.
To understand in which hemisphere each climate is likely located, we consider factors such as elevation, latitude, and the amount of direct sunlight received. Type A tropical or equatorial climates are found near the equator where the sun's rays are most direct, resulting in consistently high temperatures year-round. These climates are primarily in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, close to the equator.
Type B dry or arid climates are located in both hemispheres but are often found on the western sides of continents, around 30 degrees latitude where descending air masses are dry. Type C moderate or temperate climates are found in the mid-latitudes, between about 30 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They exhibit seasonal changes with cool to cold winters and warm summers, hosting large human populations due to their favorable living conditions.
Type D cold or continental climates are typically located in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, such as in northern Europe and Asia, where there is less direct sunlight. Type E polar or extreme climates are found in the polar regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, characterized by very cold temperatures all year due to the low angle of sunlight. Lastly, Type H highland climates can be found in mountainous regions of both hemispheres, where elevation significantly influences temperature and weather patterns.