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Question

Let p, q, and I be statements whose truth values are unknown and could each vary. Determine the possible combinations of
truth values that p, q, and r could take on. Then consider the possible truth values for the compound statement p V (q ^ r).
Use this information to fill in each blank with T or F in order to complete the truth table for p v (q ^ r).
Provide your answer below:

User Benwasd
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1 Answer

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p, q, and r indicate placeholders (aka variables) for true or false statements. We denote those as T and F respectively.

Since we have 3 variables and 2 choices each, there are 2^3 = 8 different combinations of T and F.

Refer to the table below to see all of the combinations. The first column p has four T's and then four F's. The next column q has TT followed by FF and then that pattern is repeated. The third column r will have T and F repeated until getting 8 total (4 of each).


\begin{array}c \cline{1-3}p & q & r\\\cline{1-3}T & T & T\\\cline{1-3}T & T & F\\\cline{1-3}T & F & T\\\cline{1-3}T & F & F\\\cline{1-3}F & T & T\\\cline{1-3}F & T & F\\\cline{1-3}F & F & T\\\cline{1-3}F & F & F\\\cline{1-3}\end{array}

Another way to form that table is to use the binary number system. Treat 0 as F and 1 as T. Or we could easily flip things around to have 0 represent T and 1 represent F.

From there, we form the q ^ r column. This is where we "and" together columns q and r. This is known as a logical conjunction. Recall that the result of "and" is true only when both parts are true; otherwise, the result is false.

With that in mind, you should get this new column shown below.


\begin{array}c \cline{1-4}p & q & r & q \wedge r\\\cline{1-4}T & T & T & T\\\cline{1-4}T & T & F & F\\\cline{1-4}T & F & T & F\\\cline{1-4}T & F & F & F\\\cline{1-4}F & T & T & T\\\cline{1-4}F & T & F & F\\\cline{1-4}F & F & T & F\\\cline{1-4}F & F & F & F\\\cline{1-4}\end{array}

We'll then apply a boolean "or" operation with that column we just formed, and the p column. The result of an "or" is false only when both parts are false; otherwise it is true. It's basically the opposite of "and" (more or less).

Here's the fully completed table.


\begin{array}c \cline{1-5}p & q & r & q \wedge r & p \vee (q \wedge r)\\\cline{1-5}T & T & T & T & T\\\cline{1-5}T & T & F & F & T\\\cline{1-5}T & F & T & F & T\\\cline{1-5}T & F & F & F & T\\\cline{1-5}F & T & T & T & T\\\cline{1-5}F & T & F & F & F\\\cline{1-5}F & F & T & F & F\\\cline{1-5}F & F & F & F & F\\\cline{1-5}\end{array}

The most important column is the last column of course, but it depends on the previously columns formed earlier. I suppose if you wanted you could erase the q ^ r column and still have a coherent truth table. Personally I'd keep it in since it helps show the teacher your scratch work.

A spreadsheet is useful to help organize everything.

User I Stevenson
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