Final answer:
The Shang dynasty, dating from 1766 to 1046 BCE, was the first major Chinese dynasty with substantial evidence of its existence due to oracle bone inscriptions. It heralded critical advancements such as social stratification and the creation of a written script.
Step-by-step explanation:
First Major Chinese Dynasty and Its Achievements
The first major Chinese dynasty was the Shang dynasty, which flourished from 1766 to 1046 BCE. This era is notably marked by significant accomplishments such as the creation of complex social structures, advancements in bronze technology, and, critically, the development of a written script. Archaeological discoveries, including inscriptions on oracle bones, have provided solid evidence of the Shang dynasty's existence and contributions to early Chinese civilization. These developments paved the way for the continual evolution of Chinese society and statecraft.