Final answer:
In a first-past-the-post system, the candidate with the most votes wins, while in a majority voting system, the winning candidate must secure more than 50% of the votes.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a first-past-the-post system, the candidate with the most votes wins the election, regardless of whether they have a majority of the votes. On the other hand, a majority voting system requires the winning candidate to have a majority, which means they must secure more than 50% of the votes.
For example, let's say there are three candidates in an election. Candidate A receives 40% of the votes, Candidate B receives 35%, and Candidate C receives 25%. In a first-past-the-post system, Candidate A would be declared the winner because they have the most votes. However, in a majority voting system, since no candidate has more than 50% of the votes, a runoff or a second round of voting may be required to determine the winner.