Final answer:
A participle is a verb ending in -ing or -ed that functions as an adjective or adverb. A gerund is an -ing verb that functions as a noun. An infinitive phrase consists of the word 'to' followed by a verb that can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Step-by-step explanation:
A participle is defined as any verb that ends with -ing or -ed (with regular verbs) and functions as either an adjective or adverb. The participle may also have an object (something receiving the action of the verb) after it, causing it to become a participle phrase.
The gerund is defined as any -ing verb that functions as a noun. When the gerund verb has an attendant object or modifiers, we describe it as a gerund phrase.
A verbal consisting of the word to and a verb that can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb is called an infinitive phrase.
A verbal with a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun is called a gerund.