Final answer:
Bureaucracies implement public policy primarily by coordinating their resources and personnel to achieve policy goals through rulemaking and efficient administration. They are subject to oversight from other branches of government and the public.
Step-by-step explanation:
The operation of bureaucracies to implement public policy is best explained by their ability to coordinate their resources and personnel to achieve policy goals. This coordination includes rulemaking, enforcing laws, and administering services consistent with the objectives set by the legislative body or executive authority. Moreover, bureaucracies operate through a merit-based system which helps ensure that appointed officials and civil servants are chosen for their expertise and abilities, allowing for a specialized and efficient execution of governmental functions.
Bureaucratic rulemaking is a critical component in the implementation of public policies. This involves creating detailed regulations and procedures that articulate how laws passed by the government will be enforced and realized in practice. Such a process is essential for translating broad legislative intents into actionable and enforceable guidelines.
Bureaucracies do not have the unilateral ability to abolish departments within other agencies, determine and spend their own budgets without oversight, or preemptively provide oversight to Congress before it passes laws. They do, however, in the course of performing their functions, enjoy a degree of autonomy and are subject to various forms of oversight from Congress, the president, and the judiciary, alongside public accountability measures.