Final answer:
The major changes between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods involve the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, the domestication of animals, the use of more sophisticated tools, and the development of permanent settlements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Major Changes from Paleolithic to Neolithic Periods
The Paleolithic period, also known as the Old Stone Age, is characterized by the use of simple stone tools and a hunting and gathering lifestyle. This period lasted from about 2.5 million years ago until the end of the last Ice Age around 9600 BCE. In contrast, the Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, marked the beginning of farming and domestication of animals, fundamentally changing human societies.
During the Paleolithic era, humans relied on stone, wood, and bone tools. They were nomadic and adapted their tools and strategies to various environments. The end of this period is noted for the creation of sophisticated tools and the mastery of fire. Art during this time included representations of human and animal figures that provide insights into Paleolithic life.
The Neolithic Revolution was a significant transition that began around 12,000 years ago. This shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture led to the construction of permanent buildings, food storage facilities, and the domestication of animals, indicating settled communities. Changes in art and architecture during this time reflected the more settled lifestyle and increased cooperation, with examples such as the decorations and designs found in Çatalhöyük and Göbekli Tepe.