Final answer:
The student's example is a frameshift mutation, where the insertion or deletion of nucleotides alters the reading frame and potentially leads to a drastic change in the resulting protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The example provided is an illustration of a frameshift mutation, which is a type of mutation that occurs when nucleotides are inserted into or deleted from the original DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code. This kind of mutation can result in a completely different amino acid sequence from the point of mutation onwards, due to the change in how the codons are read by the cellular machinery during protein synthesis. The insertion or deletion of a nucleotide can lead to a premature stop codon or produce a nonfunctional protein with a drastically altered structure and function.